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...[valence electron]]s (the outermost electrons that take part in [[chemical bonding]]) and its [[atomic nucleus|nucleus]]. It was first theorised by [[Linus Pa |journal= Journal of the American Chemical Society ...

'''Redox''' (shorthand for '''reduction/oxidation''') describes all [[chemical reaction]]s in which atoms have an increase or decrease in [[oxidation numb An oxidation number is a number assigned to an [[element]] in chemical combination that represents the number of electrons lost (or gained, if the ...

...e valence shell contains the [[electron]]s most likely to be involved in [[chemical reaction|reactions]]. [[Category:Chemical bonding]] ...

...of its own, and the brightness differences are always the same for each [[Chemical element|element]]. ...at their properties are.<ref>For a good foundation see ''The Nature of the Chemical Bond,'' by Linus Pauling.</ref> ...